Ex vivo testing of biomaterials for intervertebral disc repair using organ culture bioreactors Abstract
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Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) functions to distribute mechanical loads acting on the spine and to enable flexibility of the spine in multiple degrees of freedom. Degeneration of the IVD is a multifactorial condition that can lead to chronic low back pain and impaired mobility. Degeneration is characterized by a breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the IVD. Natural and synthetic biomaterials hold great promise for IVD repair. Hydrogels are particularly suitable for the NP, which is a highly hydrated tissue, while fibrous scaffolds may be suitable for closure of the AF. Organ culture bioreactors are instrumental for preclinical testing of the biomaterials’ performance, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies. Here the requirements for NP and AF repair are discussed, and examples of bioreactor-controlled ex vivo studies are demonstrated.
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