COMBUSTION, PERFORMANCE, AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A CI ENGINE USING Borassus flabellifer BIODIESEL BLENDS
Original scientific paper
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ250226019CKeywords:
Biodiesel, Borassus flabellifer, Combustion, Performance and emission characteristicsAbstract
Borassus flabellifer methyl esters (BFMEs) have a few attractive characteristics that make them a potential rival to diesel and other alternative fuels. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of its performance, combustion, and emission characteristics in a diesel engine. In addition to a high calorific value, a high cetane number, and the availability of oxygen, constituting 10% of its total weight, it is also readily available. Experimental testing of BFMEs was conducted on a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine in this stage. BFMEs were blended with diesel at various concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). Blends of BFMEs were experimentally examined for their combustion properties, emissions, and performance. The CI engine was set to steady-state operation so that it would reach the optimum temperature for the conditions in which it was operating. Initially, it was found that neat BFMEs had the lowest thermal efficiency, while BFME20, BFME40, BFME60, and BFME80 all had a higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than BFME100 at rated load conditions (by 5.1%, 2.8%, 2.0%, and 1.4%, respectively). Compared to other blends, BFME20 and BFME40 have better fuel efficiency. Fuel efficiency was improved by a reason-able amount, and BFME20's consumption was reduced by 5.1% compared to BFME100. Compared to diesel, hydrocarbons, CO, and smoke emissions from BFME20 were reduced by 9.9%, 5.8%, and 3.71%, respectively. These results underscore the potential of low-ratio BFME blends as cleaner and more efficient biodiesel alternatives, highlighting BFME’s practical applicability in existing diesel engines without major modifications.
References
[1] S. Ellappan, S. Rajendaran, Energy Sources, Part A 46 (2024) 4810-4824. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1704315.
[2] K. Selvaraj, M. Thangavel, Energy Sources, Part A 43 (2021) 145-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1623950.
[3] C. Sakthi Rajan, K. Muralidharan, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 147 (2022) 8901-8917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-11127-0.
[4] A.S. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj, C. Muraleedharan, Fuel 84 (2005) 335-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.09.016.
[5] D. Agarwal, L. Kumar, A.K. Agarwal, Renewable Energy 33 (2008) 1147-1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.06.017.
[6] P.K. Devan, N.V. Mahalakshmi, Fuel 88 (2009) 861-867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2008.11.005.
[7] K. Muralidharan, D. Vasudevan, K.N. Sheeba, Energy 36 (2011) 5385-5393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.050.
[8] A.K. Agarwal, A. Dhar, Renewable Energy 52 (2013) 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.10.015.
[9] R. Mohsin, Z.A. Majid, A.H. Shihnan, N.S. Nasri, Z. Sharer, Energy Convers. Manage. 88 (2014) 821-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.09.027.
[10] B.N. Agrawal, S. Sinha, A.V. Kuzmin, V.A. Pinchuk, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog. 14 (2019) 100404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2019.100404.
[11] N.H. Papu, P. Lingfa, S.K. Dash, Energy Sources, Part A 46 (2024) 12620-12632. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1798566.
[12] A.V.S.L. Sai Bharadwaj, N. Subramaniapillai, M.S.B. Khadhar Mohamed, A. Narayanan, Fuel 296 (2021) 120708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120708.
[13] S. Yadav, A. Kumar, A. Chaudhary, Sci. J. Sil. Univ. Technol., Ser. Transp. 115 (2022) 249-264. https://doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2022.115.17.
[14] R. Rohith Renish, G. Maneesha, P. Jeyaraman, T. Niruban Projoth, Mater. Today: Proc. 62 (2022) 3689-3698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.427.
[15] C. Sakthi Rajan, A. Baluchamy, J. Venkatesh, S. Balamurugan, R. Karthick, Eng. Proc. 61 (2024) 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024061007.
[16] A. Baluchamy, R. Karthick, C. Sakthi Rajan, T. Rajkumar, Multidiscip. Sci. J. 6 (2023) 2024071. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024071.
[17] A. Kumar Paswan, S. Kesharvani, K. Gidwani Suneja, G. Dwivedi, Mater. Today: Proc. 78 (2023) 647-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.069.
[18] M.M. Uyar, A.B. Demirpolat, H. Arslanoglu, Colloid Polym. Sci. 301 (2023) 557-567. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-023-05085-2.
[19] A.B. Demirpolat, M.M. Uyar, H. Arslanoglu, Pet. Chem. 62 (2022) 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965544122020190.
[20] M.M. Uyar, A. Çıtlak, A.B. Demirpolat, Ind. Crops Prod. 222 (2024) 119712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119712.
[21] A. Baluchamy, C. Sakthi Rajan, S. Balamurugan, J. Venkatesh, 26 (2024) 1-10. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005777.
[22] C. Sakthi Rajan, K. Muralidharan, B. Anbarasan, A. Ramesh Kumar, Energy Sources A: Recovery Util. Environ. Eff. 46 (2024) 7310–7322. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2024.2355363.
[23] M. Chhabra, A. Sharma, G. Dwivedi, Egypt. J. Petrol. 26 (2017), 511–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.07.002.
[24] L.A. Raman, B. Deepanraj, S. Rajakumar, V. Sivasubramanian, Fuel. 246 (2019) 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.106.
[25] M.A. Asokan, S. Senthur Prabu, P.K.K. Bade, V.M. Nekkanti, S.S.G. Gutta, Energy. 173 (2019) 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.075.
[26] M.E.S. Mirghani, N.A. Kabbashi, M.Z. Alam, I.Y. Qudsieh, M.F.R. Alkatib, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 88 (2011) 1897–1904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1866-0.
[27] K.R. Bukkarapu, A. Krishnasamy, Energy Fuel. 35 (2021) 7993–8005. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c03927.
[28] M. Tariq, S. Ali, F. Ahmad, M. Ahmad, M. Zafar, N. Khalid, M.A. Khan, Fuel Process. Technol. 92 (2011) 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.025.
[29] A.S. Mohammed, S.M. Atnaw, A.V. Ramaya, G. Alemayehu, J. Energy Inst. 108 (2023) 101227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2023.101227.
[30] S. Vijayan, R. Sathyamurthy, E.M.A. Mokheimer, R.S. Kumar, Fuel Process. Technol. 248 (2023) 107842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2023.107842.
[31] J. Wang, H. Sun, S. Devanesan, M.S. Alsahi, A. Anderson, F. Daniel, T.R. Praveenkumar, Fuel 352 (2023) 128946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128946.
[32] P.K. Wong, S.H. Chen, M.A. Ghadikolaei, K.W. Ng, S.M. Yuen Lee, J.C. Xu, Z.D. Lian, M. Ren, Z. Ning, N.K. Gali, Environ. Pollut. (Oxford, U.K.) 333 (2023) 122099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122099.
[33] P. Karin, A. Tripatara, P. Wai, B.-S. Oh, C. Charoenphonphanich, N. Chollacoop, H. Kosaka, Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng. 6 (2022) 100249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100249.
[34] P. Anchupogu, R.L. Krupakaran, S. Venkateswarlu, S. Satish, S. Phaneendrareddy, S. Shohel, P. Umamaheswarrao, Mater. Today: Proc. 102 (2024) 236-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.05.089.
[35] S. Kumar, R. Gautam, Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess. 57 (2023) 103305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103305.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sakthi Rajan Chandramurthy, Silambarasan Ragunathan, Ramesh Kumar Ayyakkannu, Anbarasan Baluchamy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors grant to the Publisher the following rights to the manuscript, including any supplemental material, and any parts, extracts or elements thereof:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to produce prepublications, reprints, and special editions of the Manuscript;
- the right to translate the Manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the Manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these reproductions;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript electronically or optically on any and all data carriers or storage media – especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-Rom, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini-Disk, data tape – and the right to reproduce and distribute the Article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the Manuscript in databases, including online databases, and the right of transmission of the Manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the Manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the internet, other online services, or via internal or external networks.
