A RESINS-NEUTRALIZATION COUPLED ROUTE FOR THE TREATMENT OF STAINLESS-STEEL PICKLING EFFLUENT: A RESEARCH STUDY Original scientific paper
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
One of the major environmental problems caused by stainless-steel industries is the liquid effluents generated during the production processes. It contains a high concentration of metal ions such as Fe (III), Cr (III), Cr (VI), and Ni (II) in HF and HNO3 mixture, oil, and rinse wastewater. The used pickling waste stream has a pH of 0.5 and Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) of 520g/L with a density of 1.20g/CC. The present work focused on recycling pickling effluent by combining filtration, resins, and neutralization to remove metal ions efficiently and F- greater than 99.5%. To remove TDS, laboratory experiments were performed using micro and ultra-filters with a membrane area 0.2m2. Cr (VI) was removed using TulsionFSMP 6301 resin and desorption using NaNO3 and subsequent conversion into Na2Cr2O7 as a by-product. For neutralization, Ca(OH)2 and NaOH were used to precipitate metal ions, and the resulting filtrate was polished using ZrOCl2 to remove F- to 0.12 mg/L effectively. The nitrate was recovered as NaNO3. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were utilized for Cr (VI) from experimental data, and a process flow diagram was developed, which can eventually be tested on a larger scale.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors grant to the Publisher the following rights to the manuscript, including any supplemental material, and any parts, extracts or elements thereof:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to produce prepublications, reprints, and special editions of the Manuscript;
- the right to translate the Manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the Manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these reproductions;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the Manuscript electronically or optically on any and all data carriers or storage media – especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-Rom, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini-Disk, data tape – and the right to reproduce and distribute the Article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the Manuscript in databases, including online databases, and the right of transmission of the Manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the Manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the internet, other online services, or via internal or external networks.
Funding data
-
Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India
Grant numbers 36(1)/14/53/2016-BRNS -
Anadolu Üniversitesi
Grant numbers 1410F412
References
P. Lochynski, A. Sikora, B. Szczygiel, Surf. Eng. 33 (5) (2017) 395—403.http://doi.org/10.24425/aep.2021.139499.
F.C. Richard, Alain C. M. Bourg, Water Res. 25 (1991) 807—816. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(91)90160-R.
C. Cervantes, J. Campos-García, S. Devars, F. Gutiérrez-Corona, H. Loza-Tavera, J.C. Torres-Guzmán, R. Moreno-Sánchez, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 25 (2001) 335—347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00581.x.
A. Banchhor, M. Pandey, P.K. Pandey, Res. J. Chem. Sci. 7 (7) (2017) 39—44. http://www.isca.in/rjcs/Archives/v7/i7/7.%20ISCA-RJCS-2017-024.pdf.
Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India, The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 [Schedule-VI], General standards for discharge of environmental pollutants Part-a: Effluents, https://www.cpcb.nic.in/GeneralStandards.pdf [accessed 14 April 2018].
R. David Szidon, J.S. Fritz, Separation of metal ions on chelating resin, https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/6951 [accessed 2 September 2018].
E. Marañón, F. Suárez, F. Alonso, Y. Fernández, H. Sastre, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 38 (1999) 2782—2786. http://doi.org/10.1021/ie9806895.
S.H. Lin, C.D. Kiang, Chem. Eng. J. 92 (2003) 193—199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00140-7.
F.J. Alguacil, M. Alonso, L.J. Lozano, Chemosphere 57 (2004) 789—793. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.085.
J. Laso, V. García, E. Bringas, A.M. Urtiaga, I. Ortiz, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54 (2015) 3218—3224. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00099.
A. Krepler (Ruthner Industrieanlagen-Aktiengesellschaft, Vienna, Austria), US4144092A (1978).
C.J. Brown, M. Sheedy, Iron control and disposal: Proceedings of the second International Symposium on Iron Control in Hydrometallurgy, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Ottawa, Canada (1996), p.457-470. ISBN:9780919086715, 0919086713.
M. Sugisawa, T. Sasaki, Y. Nishimoto, (Shinco Pantec Company Limited, Kobe, Japan), US4943360A (1988).
C. Negro, M.A. Blanco, F. López-Mateos, A.M.C.P. DeJong, G. LaCalle, J. Van Erkel, D. Schmal, Sep. Sci. Technol. 36 (2001) 1543—1556. https://doi.org/10.1081/SS-100103887.
Z. Tang, X. Ding, X. Yan, Y. Dong, C. Liu, Metals 8 (2018) 1—11. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8110936.
T. Forsido, R. McCrindle, J. Maree, L. Mpenyana-Monyatsi, SN Appl. Sci. (2019) 1:1605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1649-z.
Y. Kobuchi, H. Motomura, Y. Noma, F. Hanada, J. Membr. Sci. 27 (1986) 173—179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(00)82054-2.
M. Sheedy, JOM 50 (1998) 66—69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-998-0359-6
E. Marañón, Y. Fernández, F.J. Súarez, F.J. Alonso, H. Sastre, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39 (2000) 3370—3376. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0000414.
B. Schmidt, R. Wolters, J. Kaplin, T. Schneiker, M. de los A. Lobo-Recio, F. López, A. López-Delgado, F.J. Alguacil, Desalination 211 (2007) 64—71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.591.
X. Bernata, A. Fortuny, F. Stüber, C. Bengoa, A. Fabregat, J. Font, Desalination 221 (2008) 413—418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.100
N.Y. Ghare, K.S. Wani, V.S. Patil, Int. J. Emerg. Trends Eng. Dev. 1 (2014) 318—326. https://rspublication.com/ijeted/2014/jan14/33.pdf.
C. Anand Babu, B. Ayengar, K.B. Lal, R.V Amalraj, Waste Manage. 13 (1993) 279—283. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-053X(93)90052-X.
Y. Gan, X. Wang, L. Zhang, B. Wu, G. Zhang, S. Zhang, Chemosphere 218 (2019) 860—868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.192.
X. Li, W. Li, S. Wang, Y. Cui, J. Zhao, Y. Zeng, F. Li, Adv. Mat. Res. 518–523 (2012) 2956—2960. http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.518-523.2956.
N.S. Yousef, R. Farouq, R. Hazzaa, Desalin. Water Treat. 57 (2016) 21925—21938. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1132474.
C. Anand Babu, S. Swathi, L.S. Bhadrinarayanan, N. Meyyappan (Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, TamilNadu, India), 396960IN (2018). https://ipindiaservices.gov.in/PatentSearch/PatentSearch/ViewApplicationStatus.
K.K. Onchoke, S.A. Sasu, Adv. Environ. Chem. 2016 (2016) 1—10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3468635.
M. Petrescu, E. Bucur, V. Danciulescu, A. Cozea, C.M. Borcescu, M. Bratu, G. Tanase, Rom. J. Ecol. Environ. Chem. 2 (2020) 185—192. https://doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2020.223.
N. Gayathri, N. Balasubramanian, Indian J. Chem. 40 (2001) 656—658. http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/bitstream/123456789/21062/1/IJCA%2040A%286%29%20656-658.pdf.
V. Guimarães, H. Durão, M. Azenha, J. AOAC Int. 2014 (2014) 1—8. http://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.12-007.
A.G. Macejunas, J. AWWA 61(1969) 311—313. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.15518833.1969.tb03762.x.
P. Manikandan, K. Manjula Rani, S.V. Priya, V.N. Kowshalya, Nat., Environ. Pollut. Technol. 10 (1) (2011) 1—6. https://neptjournal.com/upload-images/NL-21-1-(1)-B-1641.pdf.
N.K. Hamadia, X.D. Chena, M.M. Farid, M.G.Q. Lub, Chem. Eng. J. 84(2) (2001) 95—105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(01)00194-2.
C. Marcu, C. Varodi, A. Balla, Anal. Lett. 54 (1—2) (2021) 140—149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2020.1731523.
L. Dahlgren, Treatment of spent pickling acid from Stainless Steel Production: A review of regeneration technologies with focus on neutralization process for implementation in Chinese industry, http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A473369&dswid=-3065 [accessed 14 January 2019].