Primena metoda površine odgovora za optimizaciju procesa visoke konverzije slobodnih masnih kiselina korišćenjem (1R)-(-)-kamfor-10-sulfonske kiseline i gvožđe(III) sulfata Naučni rad
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U radu je izvršeno ispitivanje proizvodnje biodizela iz kiselog sirovog palminog ulja korišćenjem jednog homogenog katalizatora, (1R)-(-)-kamfor-10-sulfonske kiseline (10-CSA) i jednog heterogenog katalizatora, gvožđe(III) sulfata, sa aspekta njihove katalitičke aktivnosti, mogućnosti recikliranja i optimizacije procesa primenom metode odgovora površine. Optimalni uslovi su identifikovani korišćenjem Bok-Behnken faktorskog dizajna. Za 10-CSA, optimizovani uslovi su dali smanjenje slobodnih masnih kiselina (FFA) na 0,43 mas.%, sa dozom katalizatora od 1,5 mas.% (ispitani opseg: 1,0-2,0 mas.%), molarnim odnosom metanola i ulja od 12,60 g do 1:1:1 (umereno temperaturno područje), temperaturom od 59,6 °C (ispitani opseg: 50 do 65 °C), i vremenom reakcije od 33,1 min (ispitani opseg: 30 do 40 min). Za gvožđe(III) sulfat, optimizovani uslovi su doveli do smanjenja FFA na 1,04 mas.%, sa dozom katalizatora od 3,14 mas.% (ispitani opseg: 2,5 do 3,5 mas.%), molarnim odnosom metanola i ulja od 12:1 (ispitani opseg temperature od 1:10°C), temperaturom reakcije od 60 °C (ispitani opseg: 55 do 70 °C), i vreme reakcije od 178,6 min (ispitani opseg: 150 do 180 min). Rezultati ANOVA analize su potvrdili značaj ključnih faktora za oba katalizatora (p <0,05), sa vrednostima R² od 0,937 za 10-CSA i 0,916 za gvožđe(III) sulfat, što ukazuje na dobro uklapanje modela. Srednja relativna procentna devijacija bila je <5 % za oba modela, što pokazuje visoku tačnost predviđanja. Utvrđeno je da je nedostatak uklapanja beznačajan (p >0,05), što potvrđuje adekvatnost modela. Oba katalizatora su postigla visoku konverziju FFA od 95,2 % za 10-CSA i 88,2 % za gvožđe(III) sulfat, što ispunjava standarde EN 14214 i ASTM D6751. Značajno je da je 10-CSA pokazao bolju katalitičku aktivnost i mogućnost recikliranja, čime se ističe njegov potencijal za proizvodnju biodizela u industrijskim razmerama. Ova studija nudi praktičan uvid u optimizaciju procesa esterifikacije za proizvodnju biodizela iz kiselog sirovog palminog ulja.
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King Saud University
Grant numbers (RSP2025R511
Reference
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